This course focuses on the concept, sources, and types of environmental pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, as well as chemical, radioactive, and noise pollution. It also examines the effects of pollution on the environment and human health, and methods to mitigate it.

This course covers the concept and importance of environmental impact assessment in environmental protection, its stages from project description to environmental auditing and review. It also includes case studies and evaluation of product life cycles and the impact of industrial activities on the environment.

This course studies animal environments and environmental factors affecting the distribution of animals, such as climate and soil. It also covers biomes, environmental pollutants, and the impact of human activities and civilization on the ecological balance of animal life.

This course studies deserts in terms of definition, distribution, and geographical classification, as well as climatic and soil characteristics. It also covers desert plants, desertification and its causes, desert-related problems, and sand dune stabilization methods, with emphasis on the Libyan desert environment.

This course focuses on the study of water sources and their importance, types of water pollution, concepts and techniques for natural and chemical water treatment, seawater desalination, use of resins and separation techniques, as well as the economic aspects of water treatment.

This course aims to study the fundamental principles of organic chemistry, including the structure and classification of hydrocarbons, isomers, organic nomenclature, aromatic hydrocarbons, various organic derivatives, amines, and polymers, with emphasis on their chemical reactions.

This course covers the basic principles of analytical chemistry, including concepts of concentration, chemical equilibrium, acid-base reactions, various titrations, oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical analysis, and precipitation and complexation reactions with practical applications.

This course focuses on environmental chemistry and elemental cycles in nature, energy and its sources, and the role of oxygen, ozone, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in the ecosystem. It also addresses phenomena such

This course studies economically beneficial insects, focusing on beekeeping, its origins, and economic importance. It covers honeybee classification, anatomy and function of worker bees, colony members, and their life cycle. It also includes beekeeping tools and requirements, silkworm rearing and production stages, silk industry, and the role of predatory insects in biological control.

This course studies plant community ecology, including its definition, structure, plant groups, and species composing the community. It also covers plant distribution, environmental factors affecting it, ecological characteristics of plant communities, and the principles of succession and its role in community development.

This course covers fundamental principles of ecology, Earth's environmental layers, natural ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycles. It also studies the distribution of plant and animal communities, the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance, and contemporary environmental issues and their impact.

This course studies the biological structure of ecosystems, food chains and webs, trophic pyramids, and biotic and abiotic relationships. It also covers ecosystem factors, ecological balance, succession, biomes, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the importance of natural resources.

This course focuses on the fundamentals of remote sensing and its environmental applications, including multispectral aerial images, satellite images (Landsat) and processing methods, radar images, and their use in exploring mineral and petroleum resources. It also introduces Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applications in geology and environmental studies.

This course covers environmental management concepts and fundamentals, political and legal aspects, outcomes of environmental impact assessment and auditing, standard environmental management systems, environmental economics, and environmental information systems with remote sensing applications.

This course introduces students to the classification, development, and sustainable management of natural resources. It covers resource depletion, the resource curse theory, Dutch disease with applications to Libya, resource conservation, and Libyan natural resources and biodiversity levels.

This course studies hydrology and its relation to the environment, including the hydrological cycle, river, flood, lake, and wetland hydrology, water balance, surface and groundwater, groundwater geochemistry, and methods of water source exploration, focusing on Libya and the Arab region.

This course covers the concept of soil and its environmental importance, soil formation factors and processes, soil components, and morphological, physical, and chemical properties. It also includes soil survey, classification, use of aerial imagery in soil studies, and soil profile preparation and analysis.

This course focuses on the philosophy of soil conservation, soil formation, erosion and types of geological erosion, methods to estimate erosion risk, principles and techniques for soil and water conservation, future soil management, and related economic aspects.

This course studies geology and its relationship with the environment, including Earth's structural layers, rock types and geological formations, rapid earth movements such as earthquakes and volcanoes, weathering processes, and the role of water and wind in shaping the Earth's surface.

This course studies forests and rangelands, including their definition, types, and geographic distribution, environmental and economic importance, role in pollution control and biodiversity enhancement, indicators of rangeland degradation, and methods for protection and management of natural forests and rangelands.

This course aims to study the concept and importance of biodiversity, threats to it, the status of biodiversity in Libya, plant and animal patterns, key terrestrial and marine organisms, environmental pressures, and the role of natural reserves in protecting biodiversity.

This course studies weather and climate concepts, atmospheric components, heat and its transfer methods, air pressure, humidity and precipitation, air masses and ocean currents, weather patterns across different latitudes, weather forecasting, and the potential for weather modification.

This course focuses on freshwater and marine ecosystems, studying their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. It includes lakes, renewable water bodies, marine environments, and associated organisms. It also covers water and thermal balance, water resources and their economic importance, effects of water pollution on aquatic life, with practical training to identify aquatic plants and animals.

This course covers the concept and historical development of biotechnology, focusing on microbial biotechnology, industrial microbial properties, fermentation processes, and types of fermenters. It also includes single-cell protein and antibiotic production, genetic engineering, nucleic acids, plasmids, restriction enzymes, plant tissue culture, and cloning.

This course studies the evolution and classification of microorganisms, bacterial cell structure and function, metabolism, and energy production. It covers microbial genetics, mutations, gene transfer, and bacteria in biotechnology. It also includes viruses, human and plant pathogenic microbes, human microbiota, and specific and non-specific immune defense mechanisms.

This course focuses on the concept, development, and classification of energy resources and factors affecting energy demand. It covers non-renewable resources such as oil, gas, coal, and nuclear energy, as well as renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, tidal, and wave energy. It also includes energy resource measurement, management, economic importance, and associated challenges.

This course studies principles and objectives of aquaculture, classification criteria, and fish farming techniques. It covers broodstock management, fry sources, fish density and growth factors, pollution and fish diseases, cultured fish species, and an introduction to modern aquaculture practices.

This course studies the concept of legislation and its relation to environmental sciences, including national and international laws for environmental protection and improvement. It covers air, water, and marine protection, soil, food, environmental health, wildlife, biosafety, zoonotic diseases, and an introduction to international environmental law principles.

This course covers the concept and types of waste, causes of solid waste proliferation, and environmental, health, and economic impacts. It includes waste collection, transport, storage, disposal, landfill management, radioactive waste handling, solid waste management policies and strategies, and the importance of proper management to protect public health.

This course studies the principles of organic farming and chemical-free crop production, biodynamic farming systems, biofertilization, biological control, use of plant and seaweed extracts, and plant health maintenance. It also covers organic agriculture applications in Libya and organic crop production methods.

This course studies wildlife biology, its environmental and economic importance, natural habitat types, and global and local wildlife distribution. It covers factors affecting wildlife density, behavior, ecological roles, extinction protection strategies, and natural reserves worldwide, in the Arab region, and Libya.

In the final semester, students prepare a graduation project addressing an environmental problem or scientific application in their field of specialization, under faculty supervision. The project includes research, analysis, report writing, and defense before a specialized academic committee after approval by the project coordinator.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to botany, focusing on the plant cell structure and functions, plant tissues and their types, morphology of flowering plants, and internal structure of various plant organs. It also covers seeds and germination processes, water relations in plants, and the basics of plant kingdom classification and major plant groups.

The course introduces students to zoology and its relationship with other biological sciences, including the classification of living organisms. It covers the animal cell, cell division, various animal tissues, reproductive systems and associated hormones, and gamete formation stages. It also examines major animal phyla from protozoa to vertebrates.

This course provides students with the essential mathematical foundations for scientific disciplines, including real numbers and their algebraic properties, trigonometric functions and identities, limits and continuity, differentiation and its applications to increasing and decreasing functions, as well as integration of various types and exponential, logarithmic, and inverse functions.

The course covers fundamental chemistry principles, including units and dimensions, concentration units, matter and its properties, atomic structure and the periodic table, and chemical calculations. It also addresses gases and liquids, thermochemistry, reaction rates, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, electrochemistry, and an introduction to organic chemistry, alongside practical laboratory applications.

This course introduces students to basic statistical concepts used in the biological sciences, including probability, random variables, expected value, variance, and different probability distributions. It also covers sampling theory, hypothesis testing, correlation and linear regression coefficients, and their applications in analyzing biological data.

This course focuses on developing students’ skills in using computers in scientific fields, including operating systems, spreadsheet software, information networks, and statistical analysis using computers, with emphasis on data analysis and graphical representation.

This course covers the chemical foundations of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, studying their chemical properties and reactions. It also includes blood chemistry, hormones, biomolecule assays, and the metabolism of lipids and proteins and their biological significance.

This course focuses on the study of plant taxonomy, including its objectives, importance, and principles, as well as ancient and modern classification systems. It also covers botanical nomenclature, terminology, characteristics used in classification, and cell structure related to plant classification.

This course aims to develop students’ scientific research skills by studying the concept and importance of scientific research, steps to prepare a research plan, data collection methods, reviewing previous studies, and proper scientific writing and report preparation.

‏This course provides students with a general overview of the fundamentals of the Arabic language, focusing on spelling, grammar, and morphology. It aims to equip students with the skills necessary for academic and professional writing, while introducing selected examples of Arabic poetry from the pre-Islamic, Islamic, Umayyad, Abbasid, and modern periods, including free verse poetry.

‏This course aims to develop students’ proficiency in Standard Arabic and equip them with the skills necessary for academic and professional writing. It covers advanced grammar topics, including subject and predicate, object of cause, object with, adverbs, interrogative structures, and demonstrative pronouns. The course also introduces students to Andalusian and modern Arabic poetry, while exploring rhetorical devices such as metaphor, simile, and metonymy.

‏This course provides students with the essential fundamentals of the English language, focusing on developing pronunciation and speaking skills to support academic and professional writing. Topics include demonstrative, quantifying, and interrogative determiners, nouns and their types, pronouns, adjectives and their order, subject-verb agreement, transitive and intransitive verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, as well as reading comprehension and writing skills.

‏This course aims to enhance students’ English skills following English Language 1. It focuses on developing reading and writing skills, expanding vocabulary, understanding dictionary entries, and covering grammar aspects such as tenses, articles, ability, permission, and necessity. Students will also practice making requests, suggestions, offers, and invitations in English.

This course addresses the formation of oil and gas, reservoir formation, chemical composition, source and reservoir rocks, movement of hydrocarbons, exploration methods, and the study and economic significance of oil and gas fields.

This course explores the formation and origin of mineral resources, methods of deposition, classification of deposits, resource exploration, types of minerals, and their economic importance in Libya.

This course introduces the fundamentals of biostatistics, probability theory, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and confidence intervals with applications in biological data analysis.

This course introduces the principles of molecular biology, focusing on the molecular structure of nucleic acids, DNA replication, protein synthesis, the genetic code, gene expression and regulation, DNA repair mechanisms, and modern applications of molecular biology in medicine and life sciences.

This course introduces the principles and importance of biochemistry, cellular components, and the role of water and pH in biological systems. It covers carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in terms of structure, properties, and biological functions. The course also addresses enzymes, their mechanisms, kinetics, and influencing factors, as well as vitamins and hormones and their biological roles.

This course introduces the principles and importance of biochemistry, cellular components, and the role of water and pH in biological systems. It covers carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in terms of structure, properties, and biological functions. The course also addresses enzymes, their mechanisms, kinetics, and influencing factors, as well as vitamins and hormones and their biological roles.

This course introduces students to basic statistical concepts used in the biological sciences, including probability, random variables, expected value, variance, and different probability distributions. It also covers sampling theory, hypothesis testing, correlation and linear regression coefficients, and their applications in analyzing biological data.

This course provides students with the essential mathematical foundations for scientific disciplines, including real numbers and their algebraic properties, trigonometric functions and identities, limits and continuity, differentiation and its applications to increasing and decreasing functions, as well as integration of various types and exponential, logarithmic, and inverse functions.

This course covers the properties of saline soils, sources of salts, their effects on plant growth, methods for estimating salt accumulation, the relationship between salinity and alkalinity, and strategies for managing and adapting to saline soils.

This course focuses on the study of Libya’s natural plants, their geographic distribution, rare and endemic species, introduced plants, medicinal plants, and flora analysis using scientific and statistical methods with field applications.